Pope Leo IX.

Backs the Normans against the Byzantines in Southern Italy, contributing to the east-west

Church schism.                                                                                                                                               1054

 

A Supernova that now forms the Crab Nebula is observed in the East.                                       July 4, 1054 

It is visible for 22 months.                                                                                                                                                             

Legates sent by Pope Leo IX appear at the Church of Hagia Sophia, at the beginning of

services, and declare that all of their endeavors to re-establish union have been rejected

by Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople.                                                                     July 16, 1054

The legates lay the papal bull of excommunication on the high altar and leave the church. 

Michael Cerularius rejects the “filioque” clause.       

Final and complete separation of the Christian Church into two distinct parts: the Western

Roman Catholic Church at Rome and the Eastern or Greek Church at Constantinople.

Reciprocal excommunication of Roman and Greek churches is announced. 

Leo IX is Pope, Michael Cerularius is the Patriarch of Constantinople.       

 

Henry I of France, Geoffrey of Anjou, and Theobald of Blois invade Normandy.                                    1054                    

William I, the Conqueror (b.1027-d.1087) successfully repels the combined invasion of

their armies at Mortemer.                               

Council at Sens.                                                                                                                                              1054  

Condemns Berengarius of Tours in the controversy over the Real 

Presence or the transubstantiation of the Eucharist.

 

Robert Guiscard (Norman) takes Benevento.                                                                                             1054             

Death of Pope Leo IX.                                                                                                                                   1054